Types of lamp bases. The main types of lamp bases What does e27 mean for light bulbs

Now there are a lot of lamps, with different types of fixtures. This is GX53, and GX70, etc., E14 or E27 are also found. Many of these abbreviations are introduced into a small stupor, and they do not know how to choose the right base for their chandelier or lamp, they only know the marking of the base and that's it! Today I will continue to talk about the most popular types of lamps (the first article was) and of course today the most popular E27 base ...

A little definition

plinthE27 (or in USA and Europe "ES" -Edison screw – this is the most common base in the post-Soviet space. It just so happened that in the USSR 90% of electric lamps were produced, which contained cartridges for lampsE27. If you parse the abbreviation letter by letter "E27", which means - "E "- the type of base in our case, it is threaded, invented by Edison. "27" - means the diameter of the base in millimeters. That is, it turns out - Edison's threaded base is 27 mm in diameter.

I would like to note that these are the most common lamps in our understanding of the word. It all started with the Ilyich lamp, and then there was an electric revolution, but it was made with these ordinary lamps.

Benefits of the plinth

I would like to note that this base is the most versatile, even in the most distant village in the most seedy barn (where there is electricity), there is an E27 base. Therefore, if you have such a lamp, then you will definitely “get” the light.

Also, this type of lamp is the cheapest of all. Even if you take energy-saving ones, they will cost less with this base than with others.

It is the E27 base that can withstand very powerful lamps up to 300 - 350 W in the equivalent of an incandescent lamp. If you calculate the equivalents in LED lamps, then the luminous flux from them can reach several hundred lumens (Lm). The rest of the household plinths are not able to withstand such a voltage.

The era of LED lamps

Now, of course, electricity is growing in price, so incandescent lamps are leaving, they are being replaced by LED or LED lamps. However, again, the E27 base is the most common and manufacturers that produce LED lamps, all because in our time there are a lot of lighting equipment based on this particular type of base.

Now a short video

And that's all for me, I hope now you have firmly fixed the information received.

plinth- an element necessary for fixing the lamp in the cartridge and supplying electric current to it. Modern lamps use different types of cartridges.

There are many types of plinths. Therefore, before running to the store for a new lamp for a lamp or sconce, it is important to pay attention to the base of the lamp used in the lamp.

Advice: in modern Chinese chandeliers and lamps, lamps with very exotic socles are often used. To avoid the hassle of finding replacement lamps in the future, buy electrical products designed for lamps with popular sockets.

The plinth designation system consists of several elements:

I) The first letter indicates plinth type:

• "E" indicates that this threaded base (Edison base) is one of the most popular (E27, E14);
• "G" in the name of the base indicates that this pin base is the second of the most popular (G4, GX53);
• "R" means that this socket is with recessed contact (R39, R63);
• "P" indicates the focusing base;
• "B" indicates that this base is pin (aka bayonet);
• "S" indicates that the base is soffit.

II) Also in the name of the cap you will find a number. This diameter the connecting part of the base or the distance between the pins.

III) The cap name may contain lowercase letters. They indicate the number of contact plates, flexible connections or pins in a given base.

• s = one contact,
• d = two contacts,
• t = three contacts,
• q = four pins,
• p = five contacts.

Screw base (E14, E27, E40)

Conventional lighting lamps have a threaded base with an outer diameter of 14, 27 or 40 mm and a special coarse pitch thread. Such socles are called respectively E14, E27 and E40. The letter designation "E" (Edison / Edison) means a screw device. The number that comes after the letter in the classification corresponds to the outer diameter in millimeters.

Lamps with E27 base(ES) - those same "light bulbs of Ilyich" to which we are all accustomed. They are most often used in chandeliers, ceiling lamps, wall and table lamps. The E27 base is a threaded system for quick connection of the socket and lamp with a diameter of 27 millimeters. Such lamps are most often powered by 220V alternating current (AC).

(SES) - also very popular. Lamps with such a base are often called "minions" for miniature classic lamps and sconces. In almost any apartment there is a place where lamps with such a base are installed. Most often it is a kitchen, toilet or bathroom, corridor. Lamps with an E14 base are often shaped like a "candle" (C37), a ball (G45), or a "mushroom" (R63, R50, R39). Such lamps are most often powered by 220V alternating current (AC). The diameter of such a base is 14 mm.

Lamps with E40 base(GES) most often have high power and are used in industrial and street lighting. For example, DRL lamps have just such a base. These lamps are powered by 220V (AC). The diameter of such a base is 40 mm.

In addition, the following less popular threaded plinths are found:

• E5 - micro base (LES) with a diameter of 5 mm,
• E10 - miniature base (MES) with a diameter of 10 mm,
• E12 - miniature base (MES) with a diameter of 12 mm,
• E17 - small base (SES) with a diameter of 17 mm,
• E26 - medium base (ES) with a diameter of 26 mm.

Pin base (G4, GU5.3, G6.35, GU10, G9, G13, G23, G53, GX53)

It is denoted by the letter G. A pin system is used to connect the lamp with the cartridge. The numbers in the designation show the distance between the centers of the pins (in the figure, this distance is N), and for a larger number of pins, the diameter of the circle on which the centers of the pins are located.

For bases of this type, additional designations are often used indicating non-interchangeable lamp modifications: U, X, Y, Z. For example, lamps with GX 53 and G53 bases have the same distance between the centers of the pins (53 mm), but require completely different connectors for connection .

It is most commonly found in MR16 halogen and LED lamps, which are used in niche lighting, household, decorative and display lighting. Typically, these lamps are powered by 220V (AC) or 12V (AC/DC). By the way, this base is very popular among LED lamps.

Rotary pin lamps base GU10 also have a size of MR16, are inserted into the cartridge and turned to the stop in a special lock. Therefore, they are used where, due to vibration or external influences, other lamps can fall out. Lamps with a GU10 base are usually powered by 220V AC.

Externally, lamps with GU10 and GU5.3 bases differ only in the thickness and appearance of the pins.

Designed for miniature lamps with MR11 body, which are widely used for decorative lighting applications due to their bright spot light. These are mainly low-voltage lamps for 12 / 24V, but there are also 220V (AC) lamps. The advantages of these lamps are manifested primarily in recessed ceiling luminaires and flexible lighting systems.

Very similar to the previous ones. The distance between the pins is 6.35 mm. The power supply of such lamps usually comes from an alternating current 220V (AC).

Plinth G9- also a pin base, in the form of two elongated wire loops with a distance between the pins of 9 mm. Lamps with a G9 base are used in accent and decorative lighting fixtures, and recently they are often found in home chandeliers. The pin base is very convenient to use - the installation and replacement of lamps is quick and easy.

Pin base with 13 mm pin spacing. Lamps with this base are most often installed in lamps such as Armstrong, LPO, LVO, LSP and others.

T8 tubular fluorescent and LED lamps have the same G13 base and are analogues.

Plinth G23- this is a base with a distance between the pins of 23 mm. Lamps with this base are often used in table lamps, shower and bathroom fixtures. The base sockets of such lamps have special holes for mounting in ordinary wall lamps.

Often used for suspended and stretch ceilings in residential and office buildings due to the small height of lamps with such a base (28 mm). Such lamps also turn all the way with a special lock (like lamps with a GU10 base). The distance between the centers of the pins is 53 mm. Lamps with a GX53 base usually operate on 220V AC and do not need any transformers.

To connect such lamps, a lamp suitable for the base is usually sufficient; additional cartridges are not required.

- "the older brother of the GX53 base". It is absolutely similar to it with the only difference that the distance between the centers of the pins is 70 mm.

Lamp with socket G53 used in areas where directional lighting is required, for example, to create accent lighting of objects in sales areas, restaurants, exclusive boutiques and galleries, in rooms with high ceilings, you can illuminate the stage.

A lamp with such a base is most often used in luminaires with a swivel lamp type "gimbal".

The E27 base is considered the most common in household and industrial fixtures. Another name is the Edison base. This threaded system for connecting lamps has become popular due to the simplicity of the holder and the reliability of the connection. The plinth was patented in 1894 by Thomas Edison.

Design

The E27 base belongs to the group of threaded bases, it is made in the form of a cylinder with a large thread, which is screwed into the cartridge. The base marking is deciphered as follows:

• E - Edison design base;
• 27 - diameter in millimeters;

The counterpart in the cartridge can be made of metal or ceramic, at the bottom of the cartridge there are lamellar power contacts. One of the contacts of the cartridge is in contact with the central contact of the base, and the second contact (or pair) is in contact with the threaded part. Thus, the connection to the network is established. Typically, E27 lamps are powered by 220 V, in some countries 110 V and other AC voltages. If E27 is common in Russia, then E26 is common in the USA.

Peculiarities

The standard base for lamps powered by 220 V was previously used in low and medium power incandescent lamps - up to 150 watts. In lamps of the "candle" or "ball" type, which are often installed in sconces and other decorative lamps, a smaller version is used - the E14 base. This marking indicates a diameter of the threaded part of 14 mm. It is also called a minion - for its small size. Lamps with a minion base are usually small in power - up to 60 watts.

Today, incandescent lamps have been replaced by energy-saving and LED products.

Lamp types

The E27 and E14 base is used for lighting in domestic and industrial premises, both in conventional lamps such as sconces or chandeliers, and in explosion-proof mine lamps. Lamps of all popular types are produced with it, each of which has found its application at home, in the office, and in production.

incandescent lamp

An incandescent lamp is a classic light source that was actively used until the early 2000s everywhere. Provides a luminous flux of about 10 Lm/W. The E27 base in incandescent lamps has become one of the main ones, usually the power of such light sources is in the range of 25–150 watts. Due to the high power consumption and strong heating of the flask, in many countries LN was banned. They were replaced by energy-saving lamps.

Halogen

For halogen lamps, the E27 base has not become the main one; they are often found in a linear form for use in spotlights. Such lamps produce a greater luminous flux - about 17–20 Lm / W. These lamps last longer - up to 5000 hours or more than incandescent lamps, but they have gained great popularity in 12-volt versions and in spotlights.

energy saving

Hot old light bulbs have replaced compact fluorescent lamps, or as they are also called energy-saving. They heat up less, consume less, and at the same time shine brighter by 5 times than incandescent lamps. Luminous flux 50–70 Lm/W. CFL with a power of 20 watts, shines like an old 100-watt lamp. In the E27 format, there are devices with a maximum power of about 25 W, and more powerful ones are less common. According to the principle of operation, they are similar to fluorescent lamps, but in form they are simply folded into a spiral for compactness.

LED

After 2010, LED lighting devices began to actively spread. The development of LED technology has led to the fact that LED bulbs with an E27 base have come into general use. Typically, the power of such light sources is in the range from 4 to 15 watts. And the luminous flux is from 80 to 120 Lm / W. Thus, even greater energy savings and brightness are achieved. Low voltage power supply (there are models of both 220 and 12, and 24 V) allows them to be used in wet rooms.

What lamps are used?

E27 is used in most lighting fixtures. Such lamps are the easiest to find on sale, as well as cartridges for them, which makes it possible to make lighting with minimal financial costs. At home, they are screwed into chandeliers, sconces, floor lamps, table lamps. In sconces, a reduced E14 base is often found.

This type of detachable connection is used in production, since the parts of the lamps then become interchangeable, and the cartridges, especially with a ceramic skirt, are repairable. An example of such a luminaire is a mine luminaire in the versions RN, RV and RP. Their peculiarity is that they have a durable glass cover, which is attached to the body with iron latches, often protected by a metal mesh from shock and damage. They are also used in lighting utility rooms and any industrial enterprises.

When buying a light bulb, you should always pay attention to what type of base it has.
To fix the light bulb in the cartridge, it is necessary that the base of the lamp and the cartridge are of the same type.

The plinth is made of metal, sometimes ceramic or with parts of ceramic.
For the most part, all bases are threaded, but there are also screw, pin, pin, etc.

The first letter in the marking of the base determines its type:

E - threaded base (Edison lamp)
G - pin base
R - base with recessed contacts
B - pin base (aka bayonet)
S - soffit base
P - focusing base
T - telephone base
K - cable base
W - baseless lamps

After the first letter, there may be more notes about the type of lamp used:

U - energy saving light bulb
V - base with a conical end
A - car lamp
and etc.

After the letters, as a rule, there is a number with which the diameter of the base or the distance between the pins (contacts) is determined, depending on the type of base.

Sometimes after the numbers you can meet another letter - with the help of it the number of contacts is determined.

S-1
d - 2
t - 3
q - 4
p - 5

Screw base E

E27- the most popular and most common type of base in everyday life, invented by Edison. In addition to classic incandescent lamps, such a base is now used in compact energy-saving lamps, halogen lamps, gas discharge, diode and others, since almost all chandeliers, sconces and lamps use this base.

E14- the second most popular type of base in everyday life. In everyday life, the nickname "minion" became attached to him. Lamps with such a base can be both ordinary - classic, and decorative, in the form of a candle. Now this type of base is widely found both among conventional incandescent lamps and among energy-saving and LED lamps.

E40- the largest plinth from category "E" type. It is mainly used for indoor industrial lighting and outdoor lighting of streets, squares, parks and roads. Today, this base is used in high-power incandescent lamps, mercury, metal halide and sodium lamps. All of them are designed to illuminate a large area.

This type of base does not use a screw thread, but a pin system for connecting the lamp to the socket. This type is used in small halogen bulbs, in built-in and spotlights.

GU5.3- used in small halogen lamps, and more recently for LED lamps in decorative lighting. Due to its compact size, this type is used in small ceiling luminaires for interior lighting, for accent lighting of shop windows, stands and exhibitions.

G9- this type is mainly used in the 220W network for decorative lamps and chandeliers. They work without transformers.

GU10- used for installation in decorative spotlights and some types of wall lamps. The installation of the lamp is carried out by a rotary connection with the lamp holder.

G13- used to install standard T8 fluorescent lamps, bulb diameter 26mm. Such lamps are used for indoor use. Fluorescent gas discharge lamps are highly economical, durable and have a large illuminating surface area compared to similar incandescent lamps.

G23- used in compact fluorescent lamps, the bulb shape of which resembles a "U". There is a starter inside the base; to start the lamp, only an electromagnetic choke is needed, which is usually already in the lamp housing. Such lamps are produced with a power of 5 - 14 watts. Mainly used in table lamps.

This type of base is used in some varieties of quartz halogen lamps, as well as in high-intensity lighting fixtures.
Using the numbers in the marking, determine the total length of the lamp.

Pin base B

Telephone base T

In addition to the main types of base, there are also characteristic designations for the types of lamps that are now popular:

MR16- halogen or LED lamp with reflector.
Usually, the base is used pin (type G).
Usually used in suspended ceilings and furniture structures

R50- reflector lamp of directional light.
The number determines the diameter of the lamp. Plinth type E (threaded).

2D- compact fluorescent discharge lamp.
The bulb of the lamp is made in the form of two arcs. As a rule, the base is G10q or GR8.

Among fluorescent gas-discharge lamps made in the form of an oblong glass tube, they are distinguished by the diameter and type of base, there are such designations:

T5 (diameter 1.59cm)
T8 (diameter 2.54 cm)
T10 (diameter 3.17cm)
T12 (diameter 3.80 cm)

When buying another lamp or chandelier, it would be useful to pay attention to the base that they use. Venerable manufacturers of such devices adapt even to the most exotic types of lamps. The most popular lamps that are used in homes and offices have an E27 base.

It produces halogen, LED, energy-saving and other models for various household and technical needs. The designer range of lamps with an E27 base is also wide: decorative lamps, pompous or modest chandeliers, sconces, industrial garlands and much more.

Consider the main varieties of such lamps and try to classify them.

incandescent lamp

The classic E27 incandescent lamp is a massive and most popular product around the world. The model received its recognition due to its extremely low cost and simple design. This solution is most familiar to most users. The E27 incandescent lamp is used almost everywhere and in a variety of types and types of lighting fixtures.

Despite such an enviable popularity, this type is noticeably inferior in technical terms to its more advanced counterparts: a tungsten filament can burn out in a matter of days, and the bulb becomes cloudy after some time. That is, here we have a very short service life and gradually decreasing brightness.

reflex type

Also on sale you can find a subspecies of incandescent products - E27 reflector type lamps. They differ from the usual models with a special surface, where instead of the usual coating we will see a silver-plated surface. This moment allows you to focus the light in the right place. The solution will come in handy if you need a directional glow.

Reflector lamp E27 (220V) comes with flasks of different sizes, so before buying it would be useful to pay attention to the maximum allowable diameter in your lighting fixture. The size must also be indicated on the bulb itself - R50, R63, R80, etc.

Incandescent products have a color rendering index of 90%. The main gamut inherent in incandescent lamps and prevailing in most models is yellow. Due to this, the luminous flux is very similar to ordinary sunlight. Service life - about 1000 hours.

Halogen products

E27 halogen-type lamps have exactly the same threaded base and are mounted without any problems in classic cartridges that everyone has in a house or apartment. This type differs from its younger incandescent counterpart in manufacturing technology. In addition, the service life of the E27 halogen lamp is noticeably longer than other analogues. You can also add a good price / quality ratio here, and we get a universal product for any need.

E27 halogen lamps can last up to 4000 hours and have a color rendering index of 100%. In general, a little bromine or iodine is used in the production process of these products, which allows you to get a better light output. The latter ranges from 20-30 lumens for every watt used. Moreover, the level of brightness, unlike incandescent analogues, is maintained throughout the entire operational period.

Due to the technology used, such products can be much smaller and with different power sources (E27 lamp, 12 volts), which greatly expands the scope of their application: cars, service stations, shop decoration, etc.

Energy-saving lamps

Very often, the term "energy-saving" refers to a small E27 fluorescent lamp. These models are wildly popular not only among domestic consumers, but throughout the world, thanks to modest energy requirements.

These products became especially relevant after the increase in electricity tariffs. Experimental tests have shown that energy-saving type fluorescent lamps have a fairly bright light, but at the same time they practically do not rotate the electric meter. The product is suitable for any classic cartridge in a modern apartment and is sold everywhere.

Features of energy-saving lamps

In addition, the features of the technologies used in the production allow experimenting with sizes - from extremely compact household to large industrial options. Models of different capacities and shapes are available for sale. It will also be useful to note that products of this kind are distinguished by a long service life and effective brightness. The only thing worth clarifying is that frequent on / off lamps reduce its life.

LED bulbs

LED products can be called the next step in the field of energy saving. If we compare these lamps with halogen and incandescent models, then we have a savings gain of 75%. For the current conditions, this figure is quite impressive.

And the point here is not only in savings, but also in visualization, that is, the output light is of better quality in comparison with analogues. The cost of LED products is much higher, but even in view of the obvious savings and better light output, they are not in proper demand.

Such lamps are used to decorate rooms and create comfort. With a competent design approach, you can add certain notes to any interior. Here we are talking about restaurants, offices, some commercial companies and various other enterprises.

Dimming

Dimmable lamps are one of the subspecies of LED products. The presence of this feature allows you to change the brightness of the lighting in the room, which allows you to save more on electricity. Here you can also note the convenience and originality of this design. For example, a 15W dimmed LED lamp with an E27 base actually consumes about 5W. The only thing worth clarifying is that this applies only to high-quality models from famous brands, and Chinese consumer goods will burn all 15 or even more watts.

Summarizing

One of the main characteristics of lamps (including those on the E27 base) is the luminous flux. It is measured in lumens, and this indicator has recently been used instead of power. Even the simplest and cheapest LED products from the Celestial Empire consume ten times less energy than incandescent lamps from venerable manufacturers.

For example, the same incandescent models give out a luminous flux of about 12-14 lm for each watt used. While LED solutions can increase these figures up to 200 lm, therefore, first of all, pay attention to the indicator of the intensity of the luminous flux, and only then the power and everything else.

Also, it would be useful to pay attention to the flicker coefficient of a particular model. For incandescent lamps, it is not important, and LED products may differ on this point. On branded models, it may not be indicated - they already have everything in order with this coefficient, but for Chinese products, be sure to check this point, because things are not the best here.

In addition, some manufacturers endow their products with some level of protection: from water, dust and other external influences. Such data, as a rule, are indicated on the packaging, and there you can also find data on the operating voltage of a particular lamp. The domestic consumer mainly buys models for a standard 220 V network. 12-volt products are intended mainly for the European market or some specific tasks.