Status of federal highways online. Road surface condition

Requirements for the operational condition of highways.

GOST R 50597-93 “Automobile roads and streets. Requirements for the operational state, admissible under the terms of ensuring road safety " establishes a list and permissible under the terms of ensuring traffic safety limit values ​​​​of indicators of the operational condition of roads, streets and roads of cities and other settlements, as well as requirements for the operational condition of technical means of organizing traffic.

For the application of GOST R 50597 - 93, roads, roads and streets of cities and other settlements are combined into three groups according to their transport and operational characteristics.

Group A:

— highways with a traffic intensity of more than 3,000 vehicles/day;

- in cities and towns - highways of high-speed traffic, main streets of citywide significance of continuous traffic.

Group B:

— highways with traffic intensity from 1000 to 3000 vehicles/day;

- in cities and towns - main roads of regulated traffic, main streets of citywide significance of regulated traffic and regional significance.

Group B:

— highways with a traffic intensity of less than 1000 vehicles/day;

- in cities and towns - streets and roads of local importance.

1. Requirements of GOST 50597-93 for the operational condition of roads, streets and roads of cities and other settlements.

1.1. Roadways and streets, coverings of sidewalks, pedestrian and bicycle paths, landing areas, stopping points, as well as the surface of dividing lanes, roadsides and slopes of the subgrade must be clean, without foreign objects that are not related to their arrangement.

1.2. Road surfaceshould not have subsidence, potholes, other damages that impede the movement of vehicles at the speed allowed by the Rules of the Road.

a) the maximum permissible damage to the coating, as well as the timing of their elimination are given in table 1.

Table 1

Example.

The road is 7.5 meters wide (2nd category, 2 lanes). In terms of traffic intensity - group A. Surveyed area - 500 meters. The area of ​​the surveyed area is 3750 sq. m. According to this table, damage per 1000 sq.m. should be no more than 0.3 sq. m. And for a section of the road with an area of ​​​​3750 sq. m. - no more than 1.125 sq. m.

Determination of subsidence, potholes, other damage.

- "coating subsidence"- smooth vertical subsidence without cracking as a result of compaction deformations of subgrade soils and materials of structural layers of road pavements;

- "potholes"- local destruction of the surface of the coating in the form of recesses of various shapes with sharply defined edges. They are a consequence of the formation and development of a network of cracks, the action of a tire with spikes, a violation of the technology of work, and insufficient strength of the coating.

peeling surfaces of cement concrete pavement - destruction of the surface to a depth of 30 mm due to peeling of thin films and flakes of the material as a result of insufficient frost resistance of concrete, violation of the technology of construction work, the use of anti-icing reagents.

The surveyed section of the road with a total area of ​​subsidence, potholes and other damage up to 1.125 sq. m. to be repaired within 5 days.

b) limiting sizes of individual drawdowns, potholes, etc. should not exceed 15 cm in length, 60 cm in width and 5 cm in depth.

If there are potholes and drawdowns with dimensions on the surveyed (or other) section of the road, exceeding the limit (more than 15 cm in length, 60 cm in width and 5 cm in depth), then such damage must be repaired immediately (there are no deadlines in days for them). It is also necessary to immediately eliminate such damage due to the fact that such damage is essentially a break in the road with all the ensuing consequences (accelerated destruction of the road).

The presence of damage on the road with dimensions exceeding the limit is classified as a road condition that does not meet the requirements of GOST 50597 - 93. In this case (if the damage is not immediately repaired), temporary restrictions must be introduced on the road to ensure traffic safety, up to a complete ban on traffic .

Reference. breaks- destruction of the pavement to the full thickness in separate sections of different areas, cracking of the pavement into individual blocks with subsidence of part of them as a result of a sharp decrease in the strength of the subgrade, insufficient strength of the pavement, exposure to abnormal loads.

The requirements established by this standard must be provided by organizations in charge of roads, as well as streets and roads of cities and other settlements.

1.3. Deadlines for the elimination of winter slipperiness and the completion of snow removal for highways, as well as streets and roads of cities and other settlements, taking into account their transport and operational characteristics, are given in table 2.

On the roads and streets of cities and other settlements, snow from the roadway should be removed into trays or on the dividing strip and formed in the form of snow shafts with gaps 2.0 - 2.5 m wide.

The formation of snow banks is not allowed:

- at the intersections of all roads and streets at the same level and near railway crossings in the zone of the triangle of visibility;

— closer than 5 m from the pedestrian crossing;

— closer than 20 m from a public transport stop;

- on sections of roads equipped with transport barriers or an elevated curb;

- on sidewalks.

After clearing the roadway, snow removal work should be carried out at public transport stops, sidewalks and areas for parking and stopping vehicles.

table 2

1.4. The time required to eliminate the causes that reduce the adhesion properties of coatings depending on the type of work, set from the moment these causes are discovered, and it should not exceed the following values:

a) elimination of the slipperiness of the coating caused by bitumen sweating A - no more than 4 days.

b) cleaning the coating from contamination- no more than 5 days.

c) increasing the roughness of the coating – no more than 15 days.

1.5. Manhole hatches must comply with the requirements of GOST 3634 - 99.

It is not allowed to deviate the hatch cover relative to the coating level by more than 2.0 cm.

Elimination of the shortcomings specified in this paragraph should be carried out within no more than a day from the moment of their discovery.

1.6. Gutters should comply with the requirements of GOST 3634-99.

It is not allowed to deviate the grating of the storm water inlet relative to the level of the tray by more than 3.0 cm.

1.7. Destroyed lids and grates must be immediately fenced and marked with appropriate road signs. Their replacement should be carried out within no more than 3 hours.

1.8. Deviation of the top of the rail head is not allowed tram or railway tracks located within the carriageway, with respect to the coverage of more than 2.0 cm.

At railway crossings, the elevation of the inter-rail flooring above the top of the rails by more than 3.0 cm is not allowed, and the depth of irregularities in the coating of the inter-rail space (flooring) should not be more than 4.0 cm.

The elimination of these shortcomings must be carried out within no more than 2 days from the moment of their discovery.

1.9. road sign surface must be clean and free from damage that obstructs their perception.

Replacement or restoration of damaged road signs (except for priority signs 2.1 - 2.7) should be carried out within 3 days after detection, and priority signs - within 24 hours.

Temporarily installed signs must be removed within 24 hours after the elimination of the reasons that necessitated their installation.

1.10. road markings during operation it should be clearly visible at any time of the day (provided there is no snow on the surface). Road markings must be restored if during operation the area wear (for longitudinal markings is measured over a 50 m section) is more than 50% when it is done with paint and more than 25% with thermoplastic masses.

1.11. Traffic lights. The replacement of a failed light source should be carried out within 24 hours from the moment the malfunction was discovered, and a damaged wiring diagram in the body of a traffic light or electric cable - within 3 days.

1.12. Road barriers and side stone. Damaged fencing elements are subject to restoration or replacement within 5 days after the discovery of defects.

1.13. Damaged signal bollards must be replaced within 5 days of the discovery of damage.

1.14. Replacement of a failed light source or a damaged beacon element must be carried out within 24 hours of the discovery of the defect.

1.15. Outdoor Lighting. Turning on outdoor lighting installations should be carried out in the evening twilight with a decrease in natural light to 20 lux, and turning it off in the morning twilight with natural light up to 10 lux.

Switching the lighting of transport tunnels from day to night mode and back should be carried out when natural illumination reaches 100 lux.

The proportion of active luminaires operating in the evening and night modes should be at least 95%. At the same time, the arrangement of non-working lamps in a row, one after the other, is not allowed.

Partial (up to 50%) shutdown of outdoor lighting at night is allowed in the case when the intensity of pedestrian traffic is less than 40 people / h and vehicles in both directions - less than 50 units / h.

Failures in the operation of outdoor lighting installations associated with broken electrical wires or damage to poles should be eliminated immediately after detection.

2. Evenness of roads (clearance under the rail 3 meters long).

The values ​​of the regulatory requirements for SNiP 3.06.03 (applies to newly built, reconstructed and overhauled public roads and departmental roads):

a) for roads with asphalt concrete, monolithic cement concrete pavement:

- for 95% (not more) of the results of determinations - gaps should not exceed 3 mm;

- for 5% (not more) of the results of determinations - gaps should not exceed 6 mm.

b) for other roads:

- for 95% (not more) of the results of the determinations - gaps should not exceed 7 mm;

- for 5% (not more) of the results of determinations - gaps should not exceed 15 mm.

According to VSN 24-88, selective control of evenness is carried out on patches (sections) 300 m long on the surveyed kilometer of the road by measuring the gaps under the 3-meter rail. The grips are selected in the most unfavorable areas in terms of evenness, established by visual inspection.

When measuring the gaps under the rail, the latter is laid in the longitudinal direction every 30 m of the road in three places: on the axis and 1 m from the edges. The gaps under the rail are measured at five control points located at a distance of 0.5 m from one another and from the ends of the rail.

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Unsatisfactory road conditions can lead to a traffic accident (RTA). A road traffic accident is an event that occurred during the movement of vehicles on the road and with its participation, in which people were killed or injured, vehicles, structures, cargo were damaged, or other material damage was caused.

According to official statistics, in our country, from 7 to 13% of the total number of accidents occur annually due to the poor condition of roads. However, according to special studies by MADI, unsatisfactory road conditions are one of the main causes in 30-40% of accidents, and in another 20-30% of accidents they play the role of a concomitant factor. The movement of vehicles on the roads of St. Petersburg is not complete without incidents (Table 7).

A significant road factor affecting the accident rate is the low evenness of pavements. The presence of potholes, drawdowns on the roads worsens the driving conditions, vibrations that are dangerous for the driver appear, and the conditions for his work become much more complicated, because. it is necessary to constantly monitor the condition of the roadway, change the speed of movement.

Table 7

Indicators of road traffic accidents

St. Petersburg

This diverts the driver's attention from other traffic objects and increases the likelihood of an accident. In areas with irregularities, from 10 to 15% of accidents on the roads and from 4 to 7% - in cities and towns. The poor condition of roadsides (unreinforced, lowered roadsides, their insufficient width, etc.) is the cause of 7-10% of accidents on the roads and 1-3% in settlements. About 2% of accidents occur due to the lack of road barriers, from 6 to 8% - due to the shortcomings of expensive winter maintenance.

One of the main causes of accidents is slippery roads. In most of the territory of Russia, the duration of this period is from 5 to 50 days. On a site with slippery and uneven surfaces, about 75% of all accidents occur, let us dwell on these factors in more detail.

The speed of safe movement of the car is determined by the value of the adhesion coefficient of the coating. The adhesion coefficient of the coating must provide safe driving conditions at the speed permitted by the Rules of the Road and be at least 0.3 when measured by a tire without a tread pattern and 0.4 - by a tire with a tread pattern. The dependence of the relative accident rate on the value of the adhesion coefficient is shown in Fig. 1.

Dependence of the relative indicator of road accidents on the value of the friction coefficient

The value of the coefficient depends on the condition of the roads (surface), tires, the conditions of their interaction. Vehicle speed, tread pattern, tire pressure, wheel load, braking mode, type of coating, its temperature and roughness have a great influence. The value determines the stopping distance of the car (Fig. 2).

To ensure road safety, the adhesion coefficient is ensured by the correct selection of the structure of the top layer of the pavement and the proper maintenance of the road during operation (Table 8).

Braking distance under different road conditions:

1 - dry coating;

2 - dirty coating;

3 - icy coating.

Table 8

Guidance values ​​for friction coefficient for

different types of pavement conditions

The minimum allowable value of the friction coefficient in operation is applied equal to 0.35 - 0.4.

The results of accident localization studies show that the most dangerous sections of roads are:

sections passing through settlements (they account for 20 - 30% of all accidents);

intersections and junctions of highways at the same level (10 - 30% of all accidents);

areas with low grip properties of the coating (from 30 to 70% of accidents, depending on the time of year);

sections with long and steep ascents and descents (the most severe accidents occur on descents);

sections with curves in the plan of small radius;

areas with limited visibility (insufficient visibility in the longitudinal profile is especially dangerous);

bridges and overpasses with an insufficient width of the carriageway (about 3% of all accidents occur in these sections - more often at night).